Reader question
It is a fair question, and it usually has a simple answer: the shoe tells you, if you know where to look. Here are the seven checks a running-club coach would run through, in the order they come up. You can do all of them on your own shoes with your hands and your eyes.

The checklist
Work down the list in order. Nothing here needs tools — just your hands, your eyes and one honest question about when you last replaced them.

Rubber wears where you land, so some scuffing on the outsole is normal. Smooth patches under the forefoot visible enough to make the pattern hard to read mean less grip on wet pavement.
Turn the shoe over and look at the tread the way it looked when the shoe was new — the raised pattern should still stand up out of the sole. Where it has worn flat, the grooves have filled in and the surface is smooth to the touch. Compare the left shoe against the right, too: an even pair of soles is easier to read than one on its own, and any patch that has gone smooth will show up against the other shoe.

Foam compresses where your foot bends and where you land. Fine lines are normal. Folds you can press your fingernail into are the foam giving up its shape.
Push into the midsole just behind the forefoot crease. Your thumb should meet firm resistance and the foam should spring back. A crease that stays folded after you press it is a shoe that has done its miles.

The plastic cup around the heel is what keeps your ankle sitting where the shoe was built for it to sit. Once it softens, the back of the shoe starts to fold in your hand.
A healthy heel counter feels stiff and holds its curve — squeeze it and you should feel plastic, not padding. You can also look inside the collar: if the lining is worn through and the shape has collapsed, there is nothing left to hold the heel.

A daily trainer should bend where your foot bends and stay reasonably straight everywhere else. A shoe that wrings out like a towel has lost the structure that made it feel planted.
Hold the heel in one hand and the toe in the other and twist gently; then fold the shoe where your toes would bend. The fold should happen at the ball of the foot, not in the middle of the arch. If the middle folds too, the shoe has gone soft where it should be firm.

Mesh rubs against the inside of itself and against your toes. The first places to go are the crease across the top of the toes and the inside edge where your big toe pushes.
Hold the shoe up to a window and look through the mesh from the inside. Thin, see-through patches, a loose thread you can pull, or lining rubbed down to a hole all mean the upper is on its way out — usually before the sole is.

This one is about feel rather than looks. Foam loses its bounce gradually, so you adjust your stride without noticing — and the shoe slowly stops doing the job you bought it for.
If you have an older or newer pair in the house, put one on each foot and take twenty steps — the difference between them is often easiest to feel that way. No second pair? Go by what you remember: think back to the last easy run where the shoe felt like it had a lift to it, and how long ago that was.

This is the honest one. If you cannot remember buying them, that is worth taking as a yes — foam only holds its shape for so long, and a shoe is at its freshest in the early part of its life.
Look at the size label inside the heel, or search your email for the receipt and the order date. Then think about the last few weeks: if running in them has become something you tolerate rather than something you look forward to, that is your answer, whatever the number says.
If it is time for a new pair
Once you have counted two or three of the signs above, the useful question changes from “are these done?” to “what do I replace them with?” We make one shoe, and this is it — a neutral, cushioned trainer for everyday road runs. It is not a race shoe and it is not a magic fix. It is the pair you put on three or four mornings a week.

The Pacefold Daily in its standard neutral colourway.
A cushioned daily trainer with a breathable knit upper, built for regular road miles at an easy effort.
Free returns within 30 days, even if you have worn them on a run. Buy them, run in them, and send them back if they are not right.